Science Olympiad Dynamic Planet Practice Test 2026 – Your Comprehensive Guide to Success!

The mechanism that involves the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves is known as radiation. This process does not require a medium, meaning it can occur even in the vacuum of space. A prime example of radiation is the heat from the sun reaching the Earth, which travels through the vacuum of space as electromagnetic radiation, including visible light and infrared radiation.

In contrast, convection and conduction require a medium for energy transfer. Convection involves the movement of fluids (liquids or gases) and occurs through the circulation of particles within the fluid due to temperature differences. Conduction refers to the direct transfer of heat through materials via collisions between atoms or molecules, occurring mainly in solids. Insulation, on the other hand, is a method used to reduce the transfer of heat, rather than a means of energy transfer itself. This further clarifies why radiation is the correct term for the energy transfer via electromagnetic waves.